索引 CRUD

对 Index 中的 Document 做增删改查；单条用 REST，批量用 _bulk API。实验数据从 MySQL cf_track 导出或手工构造，不写回 MySQL。

学习目标

• 掌握 PUT / GET / DELETE 单文档操作
• 使用 _bulk 批量导入
• 理解 refresh、版本冲突与 _id 策略

核心内容

单文档 CRUD

# Create / Replace（指定 _id = slug）
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/tracks/_doc/spring-boot-essentials" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
{
  "slug": "spring-boot-essentials",
  "title": "Spring Boot 入门",
  "category": "backend",
  "summary": "IoC、Web、JPA",
  "lessonCount": 16,
  "updatedAt": "2026-03-01T00:00:00Z"
}'

# Read
curl -s "localhost:9200/tracks/_doc/spring-boot-essentials?pretty"

# Partial update
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/tracks/_update/spring-boot-essentials" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
{ "doc": { "lessonCount": 17 } }'

# Delete
curl -X DELETE "localhost:9200/tracks/_doc/obsolete-track"

_id 与 MySQL 主键解耦：推荐用业务自然键 slug，便于 es-sync 幂等 upsert。

Bulk 批量导入

curl -X POST "localhost:9200/_bulk" -H "Content-Type: application/x-ndjson" --data-binary @- <<'EOF'
{"index":{"_index":"tracks","_id":"mongodb-essentials"}}
{"slug":"mongodb-essentials","title":"MongoDB 入门","category":"backend","summary":"文档模型与 Spring Data","lessonCount":12,"updatedAt":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z"}
{"index":{"_index":"tracks","_id":"postgresql-essentials"}}
{"slug":"postgresql-essentials","title":"PostgreSQL 入门","category":"devops","summary":"JSONB 与 MVCC 实验","lessonCount":12,"updatedAt":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z"}
EOF

响应中 "errors": false 表示全部成功；失败条目会带 error 原因（常见：Mapping 冲突）。

refresh 与可见性

写入后默认 近实时（约 1s refresh_interval）。调试可 ?refresh=true 强制立即可搜，勿在生产滥用。

curl -X GET "localhost:9200/tracks/_search?q=Spring&pretty"

与 REST API 的关系

CodeRoadMap 生产路径：GET /tracks 读 MySQL（spring-boot-essentials）。ES 索引供 搜索实验端点 或 Kibana 探索，见 。